Linux: du command
This Linux tutorial explains how to use the Linux du command with syntax and arguments.
NAME
du - estimate file space usageSYNOPSIS
du [OPTION]... [FILE]...du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
DESCRIPTION
Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
- -a, --all
- write counts for all files, not just directories
- --apparent-size
- print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be larger due to holes in (`sparse') files, internal fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
- -B, --block-size=SIZE
- scale sizes by SIZE before printing them. E.g., `-BM' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes. See SIZE format below.
- -b, --bytes
- equivalent to `--apparent-size --block-size=1'
- -c, --total
- produce a grand total
- -D, --dereference-args
- dereference only symlinks that are listed on the command line
- --files0-from=F
- summarize disk usage of the NUL-terminated file names specified in file F; If F is - then read names from standard input
- -H
- equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)
- -h, --human-readable
- print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
- --si
- like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
- -k
- like --block-size=1K
- -l, --count-links
- count sizes many times if hard linked
- -m
- like --block-size=1M
- -L, --dereference
- dereference all symbolic links
- -P, --no-dereference
- don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
- -0, --null
- end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
- -S, --separate-dirs
- do not include size of subdirectories
- -s, --summarize
- display only a total for each argument
- -x, --one-file-system
- skip directories on different file systems
- -X, --exclude-from=FILE
- exclude files that match any pattern in FILE
- --exclude=PATTERN
- exclude files that match PATTERN
- -d, --max-depth=N
- print the total for a directory (or file, with --all) only if it is N or fewer levels below the command line argument; --max-depth=0 is the same as --summarize
- --time
- show time of the last modification of any file in the directory, or any of its subdirectories
- --time=WORD
- show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access, use, ctime or status
- --time-style=STYLE
- show times using style STYLE: full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMAT FORMAT is interpreted like `date'
- --help
- display this help and exit
- --version
- output version information and exit
Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size, and the DU_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables. Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).
SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following: KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
PATTERNS
PATTERN is a shell pattern (not a regular expression). The pattern ? matches any one character, whereas * matches any string (composed of zero, one or multiple characters). For example, *.o will match any files whose names end in .o. Therefore, the command- du --exclude='*.o'
will skip all files and subdirectories ending in .o (including the file .o itself).
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